LCD display production process

1. Glass substrate preparation

 

The first step in making an LCD display is to prepare the glass substrate. These substrates are typically very thin and strong, as they will act as carriers for the liquid crystal molecules and carry the entire structure of the display. The process of manufacturing the substrate consists of the following steps:

 

a.Substrate selection: the selection of high-quality flat glass, usually silicon substrate or glass substrate.

 

b. Cleaning and polishing: Clean the substrate and perform mechanical polishing to ensure surface smoothness.

 

c. Chemical treatment: chemical treatment of the substrate surface to enhance the adhesion of liquid crystal molecules.

 

d. Long substrate: Sometimes it is necessary to grow a film on the substrate to improve specific characteristics, such as electrical conductivity.

 

 

2. coating and cutting

 

Once the glass substrate is ready, it is coated and cut. These steps include:

 

a. Transparent electrode coating: A transparent conductive layer is coated on the substrate, usually using indium tin oxide (ITO) material. This layer will act as the electric field controller for the liquid crystal molecules.

 

b. Liquid crystal coating: the liquid crystal material is evenly coated on the transparent electrode, and the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules will be controlled by the electric field.

 

c. Cutting of glass substrate: Cutting a large piece of glass substrate coated with liquid crystal material to the appropriate size, usually the pixel size of the display screen.

 

 

3.liquid crystal molecular arrangement

 

The arrangement of liquid crystal molecules is a key step in an LCD display. This process includes:

 

a. Electric field control: By applying an electric field on the transparent electrode, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules is adjusted to control the transmission and blocking of light.

 

b. Liquid crystal molecule arrangement: liquid crystal molecules are arranged according to the direction of the electric field to form various parts of the image.

 

c. Liquid crystal molecule alignment: Ensure that liquid crystal molecules are properly aligned throughout the screen to avoid image distortion.

 

d. Light source and color filter

 

In order for an LCD display to be able to display color images, a light source and a color filter are needed. These steps include:

 

a. Light source: Add a light source to the backlit area of the display, usually using a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) or LED(Light Emitting Diode).

 

b. Color filters: Add color filters, usually red, green and blue filters, to adjust the color of the light separately.

 

 

5. Assembly and packaging

Once all the components are ready, the assembly and packaging steps proceed. These include:

 

a. Assembly: Assemble the previously prepared components, such as glass substrate, liquid crystal layer, light source and color filter together to ensure that they are properly aligned.

 

b. Sealing: Use special sealing materials to encapsulate all components together to prevent dust and contamination from entering.

 

c. Plastic case: Add a case to protect the display and provide support and appearance.

 

 

6. Testing and quality control

 

In the final stage of LCD display manufacturing, strict testing and quality control are carried out to ensure the performance and reliability of the display. These steps include:

 

a. Brightness and color test: Check whether the brightness, color accuracy and contrast of the display meet the standard.

 

b. Pixel detection: Detect and fix any pixel defects such as bright spots, dark spots or bad spots.

 

c. Functional test: Ensure that the various functions of the display screen, such as touch screen, multi-touch, etc., work properly.

 

d. Pressure test: test the pressure resistance of the display screen to ensure its reliability in different environments.

 

 

7. Packaging and distribution

 

The final step is to package the LCD display and distribute it to different device manufacturers or sellers. The packaging usually includes protective foam, cardboard boxes and other protective materials to ensure that the display is not damaged during transportation and storage.

 

The manufacturing of LCD displays is a complex and precise process involving multiple steps, from substrate preparation, coating and coating

 

Cutting, through liquid crystal molecular arrangements, light sources and color filters, to assembly, packaging, testing and quality control, and finally to packaging and distribution. This process requires a high degree of technology and strict quality control to ensure that the final display has high quality, reliability and performance. The manufacture of LCD displays is a key link in the field of modern electronic technology, providing us with a clear, colorful visual experience.